       #!/usr/bin/env python3
       
       # portions copyright 2001, Autonomous Zones Industries, Inc., all rights...
       # err...  reserved and offered to the public under the terms of the
       # Python 2.2 license.
       # Author: Zooko O'Whielacronx
       # http://zooko.com/
       # mailto:zooko@zooko.com
       #
       # Copyright 2000, Mojam Media, Inc., all rights reserved.
       # Author: Skip Montanaro
       #
       # Copyright 1999, Bioreason, Inc., all rights reserved.
       # Author: Andrew Dalke
       #
       # Copyright 1995-1997, Automatrix, Inc., all rights reserved.
       # Author: Skip Montanaro
       #
       # Copyright 1991-1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, all rights reserved.
       #
       #
       # Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this Python software and
       # its associated documentation for any purpose without fee is hereby
       # granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies,
       # and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
       # supporting documentation, and that the name of neither Automatrix,
       # Bioreason or Mojam Media be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
       # distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission.
       #
       """program/module to trace Python program or function execution
       
       Sample use, command line:
         trace.py -c -f counts --ignore-dir '$prefix' spam.py eggs
         trace.py -t --ignore-dir '$prefix' spam.py eggs
         trace.py --trackcalls spam.py eggs
       
       Sample use, programmatically
         import sys
       
         # create a Trace object, telling it what to ignore, and whether to
         # do tracing or line-counting or both.
         tracer = trace.Trace(ignoredirs=[sys.base_prefix, sys.base_exec_prefix,],
                              trace=0, count=1)
         # run the new command using the given tracer
         tracer.run('main()')
         # make a report, placing output in /tmp
         r = tracer.results()
         r.write_results(show_missing=True, coverdir="/tmp")
       """
>>>>>> __all__ = ['Trace', 'CoverageResults']
       
>>>>>> import linecache
>>>>>> import os
>>>>>> import re
>>>>>> import sys
>>>>>> import token
>>>>>> import tokenize
>>>>>> import inspect
>>>>>> import gc
>>>>>> import dis
>>>>>> import pickle
>>>>>> from time import monotonic as _time
       
>>>>>> import threading
       
>>>>>> def _settrace(func):
>>>>>>     threading.settrace(func)
>>>>>>     sys.settrace(func)
       
>>>>>> def _unsettrace():
    1:     sys.settrace(None)
>>>>>>     threading.settrace(None)
       
       PRAGMA_NOCOVER = "#pragma NO COVER"
       
>>>>>> class _Ignore:
>>>>>>     def __init__(self, modules=None, dirs=None):
>>>>>>         self._mods = set() if not modules else set(modules)
>>>>>>         self._dirs = [] if not dirs else [os.path.normpath(d)
>>>>>>                                           for d in dirs]
>>>>>>         self._ignore = { '<string>': 1 }
       
>>>>>>     def names(self, filename, modulename):
>>>>>>         if modulename in self._ignore:
>>>>>>             return self._ignore[modulename]
       
               # haven't seen this one before, so see if the module name is
               # on the ignore list.
>>>>>>         if modulename in self._mods:  # Identical names, so ignore
>>>>>>             self._ignore[modulename] = 1
>>>>>>             return 1
       
               # check if the module is a proper submodule of something on
               # the ignore list
>>>>>>         for mod in self._mods:
                   # Need to take some care since ignoring
                   # "cmp" mustn't mean ignoring "cmpcache" but ignoring
                   # "Spam" must also mean ignoring "Spam.Eggs".
>>>>>>             if modulename.startswith(mod + '.'):
>>>>>>                 self._ignore[modulename] = 1
>>>>>>                 return 1
       
               # Now check that filename isn't in one of the directories
>>>>>>         if filename is None:
                   # must be a built-in, so we must ignore
>>>>>>             self._ignore[modulename] = 1
>>>>>>             return 1
       
               # Ignore a file when it contains one of the ignorable paths
>>>>>>         for d in self._dirs:
                   # The '+ os.sep' is to ensure that d is a parent directory,
                   # as compared to cases like:
                   #  d = "/usr/local"
                   #  filename = "/usr/local.py"
                   # or
                   #  d = "/usr/local.py"
                   #  filename = "/usr/local.py"
>>>>>>             if filename.startswith(d + os.sep):
>>>>>>                 self._ignore[modulename] = 1
>>>>>>                 return 1
       
               # Tried the different ways, so we don't ignore this module
>>>>>>         self._ignore[modulename] = 0
>>>>>>         return 0
       
>>>>>> def _modname(path):
           """Return a plausible module name for the patch."""
       
>>>>>>     base = os.path.basename(path)
>>>>>>     filename, ext = os.path.splitext(base)
>>>>>>     return filename
       
>>>>>> def _fullmodname(path):
           """Return a plausible module name for the path."""
       
           # If the file 'path' is part of a package, then the filename isn't
           # enough to uniquely identify it.  Try to do the right thing by
           # looking in sys.path for the longest matching prefix.  We'll
           # assume that the rest is the package name.
       
>>>>>>     comparepath = os.path.normcase(path)
>>>>>>     longest = ""
>>>>>>     for dir in sys.path:
>>>>>>         dir = os.path.normcase(dir)
>>>>>>         if comparepath.startswith(dir) and comparepath[len(dir)] == os.sep:
>>>>>>             if len(dir) > len(longest):
>>>>>>                 longest = dir
       
>>>>>>     if longest:
>>>>>>         base = path[len(longest) + 1:]
           else:
>>>>>>         base = path
           # the drive letter is never part of the module name
>>>>>>     drive, base = os.path.splitdrive(base)
>>>>>>     base = base.replace(os.sep, ".")
>>>>>>     if os.altsep:
>>>>>>         base = base.replace(os.altsep, ".")
>>>>>>     filename, ext = os.path.splitext(base)
>>>>>>     return filename.lstrip(".")
       
>>>>>> class CoverageResults:
           def __init__(self, counts=None, calledfuncs=None, infile=None,
>>>>>>                  callers=None, outfile=None):
>>>>>>         self.counts = counts
>>>>>>         if self.counts is None:
>>>>>>             self.counts = {}
>>>>>>         self.counter = self.counts.copy() # map (filename, lineno) to count
>>>>>>         self.calledfuncs = calledfuncs
>>>>>>         if self.calledfuncs is None:
>>>>>>             self.calledfuncs = {}
>>>>>>         self.calledfuncs = self.calledfuncs.copy()
>>>>>>         self.callers = callers
>>>>>>         if self.callers is None:
>>>>>>             self.callers = {}
>>>>>>         self.callers = self.callers.copy()
>>>>>>         self.infile = infile
>>>>>>         self.outfile = outfile
>>>>>>         if self.infile:
                   # Try to merge existing counts file.
>>>>>>             try:
>>>>>>                 with open(self.infile, 'rb') as f:
>>>>>>                     counts, calledfuncs, callers = pickle.load(f)
>>>>>>                 self.update(self.__class__(counts, calledfuncs, callers))
>>>>>>             except (OSError, EOFError, ValueError) as err:
>>>>>>                 print(("Skipping counts file %r: %s"
>>>>>>                                       % (self.infile, err)), file=sys.stderr)
       
>>>>>>     def is_ignored_filename(self, filename):
               """Return True if the filename does not refer to a file
               we want to have reported.
               """
>>>>>>         return filename.startswith('<') and filename.endswith('>')
       
>>>>>>     def update(self, other):
               """Merge in the data from another CoverageResults"""
>>>>>>         counts = self.counts
>>>>>>         calledfuncs = self.calledfuncs
>>>>>>         callers = self.callers
>>>>>>         other_counts = other.counts
>>>>>>         other_calledfuncs = other.calledfuncs
>>>>>>         other_callers = other.callers
       
>>>>>>         for key in other_counts:
>>>>>>             counts[key] = counts.get(key, 0) + other_counts[key]
       
>>>>>>         for key in other_calledfuncs:
>>>>>>             calledfuncs[key] = 1
       
>>>>>>         for key in other_callers:
>>>>>>             callers[key] = 1
       
>>>>>>     def write_results(self, show_missing=True, summary=False, coverdir=None):
               """
               Write the coverage results.
       
               :param show_missing: Show lines that had no hits.
               :param summary: Include coverage summary per module.
               :param coverdir: If None, the results of each module are placed in its
                                directory, otherwise it is included in the directory
                                specified.
               """
>>>>>>         if self.calledfuncs:
>>>>>>             print()
>>>>>>             print("functions called:")
>>>>>>             calls = self.calledfuncs
>>>>>>             for filename, modulename, funcname in sorted(calls):
>>>>>>                 print(("filename: %s, modulename: %s, funcname: %s"
>>>>>>                        % (filename, modulename, funcname)))
       
>>>>>>         if self.callers:
>>>>>>             print()
>>>>>>             print("calling relationships:")
>>>>>>             lastfile = lastcfile = ""
>>>>>>             for ((pfile, pmod, pfunc), (cfile, cmod, cfunc)) \
>>>>>>                     in sorted(self.callers):
>>>>>>                 if pfile != lastfile:
>>>>>>                     print()
>>>>>>                     print("***", pfile, "***")
>>>>>>                     lastfile = pfile
>>>>>>                     lastcfile = ""
>>>>>>                 if cfile != pfile and lastcfile != cfile:
>>>>>>                     print("  -->", cfile)
>>>>>>                     lastcfile = cfile
>>>>>>                 print("    %s.%s -> %s.%s" % (pmod, pfunc, cmod, cfunc))
       
               # turn the counts data ("(filename, lineno) = count") into something
               # accessible on a per-file basis
>>>>>>         per_file = {}
>>>>>>         for filename, lineno in self.counts:
>>>>>>             lines_hit = per_file[filename] = per_file.get(filename, {})
>>>>>>             lines_hit[lineno] = self.counts[(filename, lineno)]
       
               # accumulate summary info, if needed
>>>>>>         sums = {}
       
>>>>>>         for filename, count in per_file.items():
>>>>>>             if self.is_ignored_filename(filename):
>>>>>>                 continue
       
>>>>>>             if filename.endswith(".pyc"):
>>>>>>                 filename = filename[:-1]
       
>>>>>>             if coverdir is None:
>>>>>>                 dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(filename))
>>>>>>                 modulename = _modname(filename)
                   else:
>>>>>>                 dir = coverdir
>>>>>>                 if not os.path.exists(dir):
>>>>>>                     os.makedirs(dir)
>>>>>>                 modulename = _fullmodname(filename)
       
                   # If desired, get a list of the line numbers which represent
                   # executable content (returned as a dict for better lookup speed)
>>>>>>             if show_missing:
>>>>>>                 lnotab = _find_executable_linenos(filename)
                   else:
>>>>>>                 lnotab = {}
>>>>>>             source = linecache.getlines(filename)
>>>>>>             coverpath = os.path.join(dir, modulename + ".cover")
>>>>>>             with open(filename, 'rb') as fp:
>>>>>>                 encoding, _ = tokenize.detect_encoding(fp.readline)
>>>>>>             n_hits, n_lines = self.write_results_file(coverpath, source,
>>>>>>                                                       lnotab, count, encoding)
>>>>>>             if summary and n_lines:
>>>>>>                 percent = int(100 * n_hits / n_lines)
>>>>>>                 sums[modulename] = n_lines, percent, modulename, filename
       
       
>>>>>>         if summary and sums:
>>>>>>             print("lines   cov%   module   (path)")
>>>>>>             for m in sorted(sums):
>>>>>>                 n_lines, percent, modulename, filename = sums[m]
>>>>>>                 print("%5d   %3d%%   %s   (%s)" % sums[m])
       
>>>>>>         if self.outfile:
                   # try and store counts and module info into self.outfile
>>>>>>             try:
>>>>>>                 pickle.dump((self.counts, self.calledfuncs, self.callers),
>>>>>>                             open(self.outfile, 'wb'), 1)
>>>>>>             except OSError as err:
>>>>>>                 print("Can't save counts files because %s" % err, file=sys.stderr)
       
>>>>>>     def write_results_file(self, path, lines, lnotab, lines_hit, encoding=None):
               """Return a coverage results file in path."""
               # ``lnotab`` is a dict of executable lines, or a line number "table"
       
>>>>>>         try:
>>>>>>             outfile = open(path, "w", encoding=encoding)
>>>>>>         except OSError as err:
>>>>>>             print(("trace: Could not open %r for writing: %s"
>>>>>>                                   "- skipping" % (path, err)), file=sys.stderr)
>>>>>>             return 0, 0
       
>>>>>>         n_lines = 0
>>>>>>         n_hits = 0
>>>>>>         with outfile:
>>>>>>             for lineno, line in enumerate(lines, 1):
                       # do the blank/comment match to try to mark more lines
                       # (help the reader find stuff that hasn't been covered)
>>>>>>                 if lineno in lines_hit:
>>>>>>                     outfile.write("%5d: " % lines_hit[lineno])
>>>>>>                     n_hits += 1
>>>>>>                     n_lines += 1
>>>>>>                 elif lineno in lnotab and not PRAGMA_NOCOVER in line:
                           # Highlight never-executed lines, unless the line contains
                           # #pragma: NO COVER
>>>>>>                     outfile.write(">>>>>> ")
>>>>>>                     n_lines += 1
                       else:
>>>>>>                     outfile.write("       ")
>>>>>>                 outfile.write(line.expandtabs(8))
       
>>>>>>         return n_hits, n_lines
       
>>>>>> def _find_lines_from_code(code, strs):
           """Return dict where keys are lines in the line number table."""
>>>>>>     linenos = {}
       
>>>>>>     for _, lineno in dis.findlinestarts(code):
>>>>>>         if lineno not in strs:
>>>>>>             linenos[lineno] = 1
       
>>>>>>     return linenos
       
>>>>>> def _find_lines(code, strs):
           """Return lineno dict for all code objects reachable from code."""
           # get all of the lineno information from the code of this scope level
>>>>>>     linenos = _find_lines_from_code(code, strs)
       
           # and check the constants for references to other code objects
>>>>>>     for c in code.co_consts:
>>>>>>         if inspect.iscode(c):
                   # find another code object, so recurse into it
>>>>>>             linenos.update(_find_lines(c, strs))
>>>>>>     return linenos
       
>>>>>> def _find_strings(filename, encoding=None):
           """Return a dict of possible docstring positions.
       
           The dict maps line numbers to strings.  There is an entry for
           line that contains only a string or a part of a triple-quoted
           string.
           """
>>>>>>     d = {}
           # If the first token is a string, then it's the module docstring.
           # Add this special case so that the test in the loop passes.
>>>>>>     prev_ttype = token.INDENT
>>>>>>     with open(filename, encoding=encoding) as f:
>>>>>>         tok = tokenize.generate_tokens(f.readline)
>>>>>>         for ttype, tstr, start, end, line in tok:
>>>>>>             if ttype == token.STRING:
>>>>>>                 if prev_ttype == token.INDENT:
>>>>>>                     sline, scol = start
>>>>>>                     eline, ecol = end
>>>>>>                     for i in range(sline, eline + 1):
>>>>>>                         d[i] = 1
>>>>>>             prev_ttype = ttype
>>>>>>     return d
       
>>>>>> def _find_executable_linenos(filename):
           """Return dict where keys are line numbers in the line number table."""
>>>>>>     try:
>>>>>>         with tokenize.open(filename) as f:
>>>>>>             prog = f.read()
>>>>>>             encoding = f.encoding
>>>>>>     except OSError as err:
>>>>>>         print(("Not printing coverage data for %r: %s"
>>>>>>                               % (filename, err)), file=sys.stderr)
>>>>>>         return {}
>>>>>>     code = compile(prog, filename, "exec")
>>>>>>     strs = _find_strings(filename, encoding)
>>>>>>     return _find_lines(code, strs)
       
>>>>>> class Trace:
           def __init__(self, count=1, trace=1, countfuncs=0, countcallers=0,
                        ignoremods=(), ignoredirs=(), infile=None, outfile=None,
>>>>>>                  timing=False):
               """
               @param count true iff it should count number of times each
                            line is executed
               @param trace true iff it should print out each line that is
                            being counted
               @param countfuncs true iff it should just output a list of
                            (filename, modulename, funcname,) for functions
                            that were called at least once;  This overrides
                            `count' and `trace'
               @param ignoremods a list of the names of modules to ignore
               @param ignoredirs a list of the names of directories to ignore
                            all of the (recursive) contents of
               @param infile file from which to read stored counts to be
                            added into the results
               @param outfile file in which to write the results
               @param timing true iff timing information be displayed
               """
>>>>>>         self.infile = infile
>>>>>>         self.outfile = outfile
>>>>>>         self.ignore = _Ignore(ignoremods, ignoredirs)
>>>>>>         self.counts = {}   # keys are (filename, linenumber)
>>>>>>         self.pathtobasename = {} # for memoizing os.path.basename
>>>>>>         self.donothing = 0
>>>>>>         self.trace = trace
>>>>>>         self._calledfuncs = {}
>>>>>>         self._callers = {}
>>>>>>         self._caller_cache = {}
>>>>>>         self.start_time = None
>>>>>>         if timing:
>>>>>>             self.start_time = _time()
>>>>>>         if countcallers:
>>>>>>             self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_trackcallers
>>>>>>         elif countfuncs:
>>>>>>             self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_countfuncs
>>>>>>         elif trace and count:
>>>>>>             self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_lt
>>>>>>             self.localtrace = self.localtrace_trace_and_count
>>>>>>         elif trace:
>>>>>>             self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_lt
>>>>>>             self.localtrace = self.localtrace_trace
>>>>>>         elif count:
>>>>>>             self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_lt
>>>>>>             self.localtrace = self.localtrace_count
               else:
                   # Ahem -- do nothing?  Okay.
>>>>>>             self.donothing = 1
       
>>>>>>     def run(self, cmd):
>>>>>>         import __main__
>>>>>>         dict = __main__.__dict__
>>>>>>         self.runctx(cmd, dict, dict)
       
>>>>>>     def runctx(self, cmd, globals=None, locals=None):
>>>>>>         if globals is None: globals = {}
>>>>>>         if locals is None: locals = {}
>>>>>>         if not self.donothing:
>>>>>>             _settrace(self.globaltrace)
>>>>>>         try:
>>>>>>             exec(cmd, globals, locals)
               finally:
>>>>>>             if not self.donothing:
>>>>>>                 _unsettrace()
       
>>>>>>     def runfunc(self, func, *args, **kw):
>>>>>>         result = None
>>>>>>         if not self.donothing:
>>>>>>             sys.settrace(self.globaltrace)
>>>>>>         try:
>>>>>>             result = func(*args, **kw)
               finally:
>>>>>>             if not self.donothing:
>>>>>>                 sys.settrace(None)
>>>>>>         return result
       
>>>>>>     def file_module_function_of(self, frame):
>>>>>>         code = frame.f_code
>>>>>>         filename = code.co_filename
>>>>>>         if filename:
>>>>>>             modulename = _modname(filename)
               else:
>>>>>>             modulename = None
       
>>>>>>         funcname = code.co_name
>>>>>>         clsname = None
>>>>>>         if code in self._caller_cache:
>>>>>>             if self._caller_cache[code] is not None:
>>>>>>                 clsname = self._caller_cache[code]
               else:
>>>>>>             self._caller_cache[code] = None
                   ## use of gc.get_referrers() was suggested by Michael Hudson
                   # all functions which refer to this code object
>>>>>>             funcs = [f for f in gc.get_referrers(code)
>>>>>>                          if inspect.isfunction(f)]
                   # require len(func) == 1 to avoid ambiguity caused by calls to
                   # new.function(): "In the face of ambiguity, refuse the
                   # temptation to guess."
>>>>>>             if len(funcs) == 1:
>>>>>>                 dicts = [d for d in gc.get_referrers(funcs[0])
>>>>>>                              if isinstance(d, dict)]
>>>>>>                 if len(dicts) == 1:
>>>>>>                     classes = [c for c in gc.get_referrers(dicts[0])
>>>>>>                                    if hasattr(c, "__bases__")]
>>>>>>                     if len(classes) == 1:
                               # ditto for new.classobj()
>>>>>>                         clsname = classes[0].__name__
                               # cache the result - assumption is that new.* is
                               # not called later to disturb this relationship
                               # _caller_cache could be flushed if functions in
                               # the new module get called.
>>>>>>                         self._caller_cache[code] = clsname
>>>>>>         if clsname is not None:
>>>>>>             funcname = "%s.%s" % (clsname, funcname)
       
>>>>>>         return filename, modulename, funcname
       
>>>>>>     def globaltrace_trackcallers(self, frame, why, arg):
               """Handler for call events.
       
               Adds information about who called who to the self._callers dict.
               """
>>>>>>         if why == 'call':
                   # XXX Should do a better job of identifying methods
>>>>>>             this_func = self.file_module_function_of(frame)
>>>>>>             parent_func = self.file_module_function_of(frame.f_back)
>>>>>>             self._callers[(parent_func, this_func)] = 1
       
>>>>>>     def globaltrace_countfuncs(self, frame, why, arg):
               """Handler for call events.
       
               Adds (filename, modulename, funcname) to the self._calledfuncs dict.
               """
>>>>>>         if why == 'call':
>>>>>>             this_func = self.file_module_function_of(frame)
>>>>>>             self._calledfuncs[this_func] = 1
       
>>>>>>     def globaltrace_lt(self, frame, why, arg):
               """Handler for call events.
       
               If the code block being entered is to be ignored, returns `None',
               else returns self.localtrace.
               """
>>>>>>         if why == 'call':
>>>>>>             code = frame.f_code
>>>>>>             filename = frame.f_globals.get('__file__', None)
>>>>>>             if filename:
                       # XXX _modname() doesn't work right for packages, so
                       # the ignore support won't work right for packages
>>>>>>                 modulename = _modname(filename)
>>>>>>                 if modulename is not None:
>>>>>>                     ignore_it = self.ignore.names(filename, modulename)
>>>>>>                     if not ignore_it:
>>>>>>                         if self.trace:
>>>>>>                             print((" --- modulename: %s, funcname: %s"
>>>>>>                                    % (modulename, code.co_name)))
>>>>>>                         return self.localtrace
                   else:
>>>>>>                 return None
       
>>>>>>     def localtrace_trace_and_count(self, frame, why, arg):
>>>>>>         if why == "line":
                   # record the file name and line number of every trace
>>>>>>             filename = frame.f_code.co_filename
>>>>>>             lineno = frame.f_lineno
>>>>>>             key = filename, lineno
>>>>>>             self.counts[key] = self.counts.get(key, 0) + 1
       
>>>>>>             if self.start_time:
>>>>>>                 print('%.2f' % (_time() - self.start_time), end=' ')
>>>>>>             bname = os.path.basename(filename)
>>>>>>             print("%s(%d): %s" % (bname, lineno,
>>>>>>                                   linecache.getline(filename, lineno)), end='')
>>>>>>         return self.localtrace
       
>>>>>>     def localtrace_trace(self, frame, why, arg):
>>>>>>         if why == "line":
                   # record the file name and line number of every trace
>>>>>>             filename = frame.f_code.co_filename
>>>>>>             lineno = frame.f_lineno
       
>>>>>>             if self.start_time:
>>>>>>                 print('%.2f' % (_time() - self.start_time), end=' ')
>>>>>>             bname = os.path.basename(filename)
>>>>>>             print("%s(%d): %s" % (bname, lineno,
>>>>>>                                   linecache.getline(filename, lineno)), end='')
>>>>>>         return self.localtrace
       
>>>>>>     def localtrace_count(self, frame, why, arg):
>>>>>>         if why == "line":
>>>>>>             filename = frame.f_code.co_filename
>>>>>>             lineno = frame.f_lineno
>>>>>>             key = filename, lineno
>>>>>>             self.counts[key] = self.counts.get(key, 0) + 1
>>>>>>         return self.localtrace
       
>>>>>>     def results(self):
>>>>>>         return CoverageResults(self.counts, infile=self.infile,
>>>>>>                                outfile=self.outfile,
>>>>>>                                calledfuncs=self._calledfuncs,
>>>>>>                                callers=self._callers)
       
>>>>>> def main():
>>>>>>     import argparse
       
>>>>>>     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
>>>>>>     parser.add_argument('--version', action='version', version='trace 2.0')
       
>>>>>>     grp = parser.add_argument_group('Main options',
>>>>>>             'One of these (or --report) must be given')
       
>>>>>>     grp.add_argument('-c', '--count', action='store_true',
>>>>>>             help='Count the number of times each line is executed and write '
                        'the counts to <module>.cover for each module executed, in '
                        'the module\'s directory. See also --coverdir, --file, '
                        '--no-report below.')
>>>>>>     grp.add_argument('-t', '--trace', action='store_true',
>>>>>>             help='Print each line to sys.stdout before it is executed')
>>>>>>     grp.add_argument('-l', '--listfuncs', action='store_true',
>>>>>>             help='Keep track of which functions are executed at least once '
                        'and write the results to sys.stdout after the program exits. '
                        'Cannot be specified alongside --trace or --count.')
>>>>>>     grp.add_argument('-T', '--trackcalls', action='store_true',
>>>>>>             help='Keep track of caller/called pairs and write the results to '
                        'sys.stdout after the program exits.')
       
>>>>>>     grp = parser.add_argument_group('Modifiers')
       
>>>>>>     _grp = grp.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
>>>>>>     _grp.add_argument('-r', '--report', action='store_true',
>>>>>>             help='Generate a report from a counts file; does not execute any '
                        'code. --file must specify the results file to read, which '
                        'must have been created in a previous run with --count '
                        '--file=FILE')
>>>>>>     _grp.add_argument('-R', '--no-report', action='store_true',
>>>>>>             help='Do not generate the coverage report files. '
                        'Useful if you want to accumulate over several runs.')
       
>>>>>>     grp.add_argument('-f', '--file',
>>>>>>             help='File to accumulate counts over several runs')
>>>>>>     grp.add_argument('-C', '--coverdir',
>>>>>>             help='Directory where the report files go. The coverage report '
                        'for <package>.<module> will be written to file '
                        '<dir>/<package>/<module>.cover')
>>>>>>     grp.add_argument('-m', '--missing', action='store_true',
>>>>>>             help='Annotate executable lines that were not executed with '
                        '">>>>>> "')
>>>>>>     grp.add_argument('-s', '--summary', action='store_true',
>>>>>>             help='Write a brief summary for each file to sys.stdout. '
                        'Can only be used with --count or --report')
>>>>>>     grp.add_argument('-g', '--timing', action='store_true',
>>>>>>             help='Prefix each line with the time since the program started. '
                        'Only used while tracing')
       
>>>>>>     grp = parser.add_argument_group('Filters',
>>>>>>             'Can be specified multiple times')
>>>>>>     grp.add_argument('--ignore-module', action='append', default=[],
>>>>>>             help='Ignore the given module(s) and its submodules'
                        '(if it is a package). Accepts comma separated list of '
                        'module names.')
>>>>>>     grp.add_argument('--ignore-dir', action='append', default=[],
>>>>>>             help='Ignore files in the given directory '
                        '(multiple directories can be joined by os.pathsep).')
       
>>>>>>     parser.add_argument('filename', nargs='?',
>>>>>>             help='file to run as main program')
>>>>>>     parser.add_argument('arguments', nargs=argparse.REMAINDER,
>>>>>>             help='arguments to the program')
       
>>>>>>     opts = parser.parse_args()
       
>>>>>>     if opts.ignore_dir:
>>>>>>         rel_path = 'lib', 'python{0.major}.{0.minor}'.format(sys.version_info)
>>>>>>         _prefix = os.path.join(sys.base_prefix, *rel_path)
>>>>>>         _exec_prefix = os.path.join(sys.base_exec_prefix, *rel_path)
       
>>>>>>     def parse_ignore_dir(s):
>>>>>>         s = os.path.expanduser(os.path.expandvars(s))
>>>>>>         s = s.replace('$prefix', _prefix).replace('$exec_prefix', _exec_prefix)
>>>>>>         return os.path.normpath(s)
       
>>>>>>     opts.ignore_module = [mod.strip()
>>>>>>                           for i in opts.ignore_module for mod in i.split(',')]
>>>>>>     opts.ignore_dir = [parse_ignore_dir(s)
>>>>>>                        for i in opts.ignore_dir for s in i.split(os.pathsep)]
       
>>>>>>     if opts.report:
>>>>>>         if not opts.file:
>>>>>>             parser.error('-r/--report requires -f/--file')
>>>>>>         results = CoverageResults(infile=opts.file, outfile=opts.file)
>>>>>>         return results.write_results(opts.missing, opts.summary, opts.coverdir)
       
>>>>>>     if not any([opts.trace, opts.count, opts.listfuncs, opts.trackcalls]):
>>>>>>         parser.error('must specify one of --trace, --count, --report, '
                            '--listfuncs, or --trackcalls')
       
>>>>>>     if opts.listfuncs and (opts.count or opts.trace):
>>>>>>         parser.error('cannot specify both --listfuncs and (--trace or --count)')
       
>>>>>>     if opts.summary and not opts.count:
>>>>>>         parser.error('--summary can only be used with --count or --report')
       
>>>>>>     if opts.filename is None:
>>>>>>         parser.error('filename is missing: required with the main options')
       
>>>>>>     sys.argv = [opts.filename, *opts.arguments]
>>>>>>     sys.path[0] = os.path.dirname(opts.filename)
       
>>>>>>     t = Trace(opts.count, opts.trace, countfuncs=opts.listfuncs,
>>>>>>               countcallers=opts.trackcalls, ignoremods=opts.ignore_module,
>>>>>>               ignoredirs=opts.ignore_dir, infile=opts.file,
>>>>>>               outfile=opts.file, timing=opts.timing)
>>>>>>     try:
>>>>>>         with open(opts.filename) as fp:
>>>>>>             code = compile(fp.read(), opts.filename, 'exec')
               # try to emulate __main__ namespace as much as possible
               globs = {
>>>>>>             '__file__': opts.filename,
>>>>>>             '__name__': '__main__',
>>>>>>             '__package__': None,
>>>>>>             '__cached__': None,
               }
>>>>>>         t.runctx(code, globs, globs)
>>>>>>     except OSError as err:
>>>>>>         sys.exit("Cannot run file %r because: %s" % (sys.argv[0], err))
>>>>>>     except SystemExit:
>>>>>>         pass
       
>>>>>>     results = t.results()
       
>>>>>>     if not opts.no_report:
>>>>>>         results.write_results(opts.missing, opts.summary, opts.coverdir)
       
>>>>>> if __name__=='__main__':
>>>>>>     main()
